Polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for water electrolyser and manufacturing method thereof

ABSTRACT

A surface of a fiber constituting a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contains a hydrophilic group and the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is 15% by weight or more. The hydrophilic group comprises a carbon-oxygen group and a sulfur-oxygen group, the carbon-oxygen group being at least one of a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group and an aldehyde group. The content of the carbon-oxygen group is 62 to 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for water electrolysers has good hydrophilicity, high air tightness characteristics, also has characteristics of simple process, energy saving, and low environmental pollution.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser and a manufacturing method thereof.

BACKGROUND

Diaphragm cloth is a main core material of a water electrolyser, and is placed between an anode and a cathode of the water electrolyser to prevent mixing of anode side gas and cathode side gas to ensure purity of the gas and improve current efficiency and safety. In addition, the diaphragm of the water electrolyser must have excellent hydrophilicity. Polyphenylene sulfide as a fibrous raw material of the diaphragm is a hydrophobic fiber. So, to endow the diaphragm with hydrophilicity, hydrophilic processing is needed for the manufactured fabric. At present, the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm of the water electrolyser is mainly endowed with hydrophilicity by plasma processing. Plasma processing only treats the surface layer of the fiber, and a hydrophilic group is bonded to the surface layer of the fabric so that the hydrophilic timeliness of the hydrogen diaphragm is poor, and the hydrophilicity and airtightness of the diaphragm used for a long time may gradually decline to affect the production efficiency.

For example, CN103938337A discloses a diaphragm cloth made of a polyphenylene sulfide fiber. The diaphragm cloth is in the form of a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric or a knitted fabric, plasma processing is performed on the surface of the diaphragm cloth to endow the diaphragm cloth with hydrophilicity, and a water electrolyser diaphragm is thus made. However, the plasma processing can only treat the surface layer of the fiber so that the hydrophilic timeliness is poor, the hydrophilicity and the airtightness gradually declines with the use of the diaphragm, and the diaphragm cannot really meet the use requirements.

As another example, CN101372752A discloses a non-woven fabric made of a polyphenylene sulfide fiber. The non-woven fabric is endowed with hydrophilicity by sulfonation at 70 to 130° C. in 90 to 98% H₂SO₄ for 20 to 40 minutes and made into a diaphragm for a water electrolyser. However, the strength of the non-woven fabric itself is low, and the treatment time in the concentrated sulfuric acid solution is relatively long so that the strength of the non-woven fabric is greatly reduced to affect the use of the diaphragm.

It could therefore be helpful to provide a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric with high airtightness and good hydrophilic timeliness for a water electrolyser and a manufacturing method of a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser, which is simple, energy-saving and low in environmental pollution.

SUMMARY

We found that the surface of the fiber constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for the water electrolyser contains a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is 15% by weight or more, the hydrophilic group includes a carbon-oxygen group and a sulfur-oxygen group, the carbon-oxygen group is at least one of a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group and an aldehyde group, the content of the carbon-oxygen group is 62 to 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

The hydrophilic group preferably includes a carbon-oxygen group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfur-oxygen group and an amino group, the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is preferably 61 to 80% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is preferably 6 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group is preferably 2 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

The total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group is preferably 72 to 85% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

The fineness of the warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 280 to 3000 dtex, and the fineness of the weft is preferably 280 to 3000 dtex.

The density of the warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 100 to 220 pieces/10 cm, and the density of the weft is preferably 60 to 180 pieces/10 cm.

The thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 0.50 to 2.00 mm.

The gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 300 to 1000 g/m^(2.)

After a durability treatment, the water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 15 s or less.

The airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 500 mm H₂O or more.

The water absorption height of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 160 to 280 mm.

After the durability treatment, the reduction rate of the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 30% or less.

The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for water electrolyser has the characteristics of high airtightness and good hydrophilic timeliness, and also has the characteristics of simple process, energy saving and low environmental pollution.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The surface of the fiber constituting a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser contains a hydrophilic group and the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is 15% by weight or more. The hydrophilic group includes a carbon-oxygen group and a sulfur-oxygen group, the carbon-oxygen group being at least one of a carboxyl group (—COOH), a carbonyl group (C═O ) and an aldehyde group (—CHO). The content of the carbon-oxygen group is 62 to 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The surface of the fiber herein refers to the surface layer of the fiber. The value of the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is an average value of five measured points on the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric. The oxygen content in the hydrophilic group of the surface of the fiber constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric affects the hydrophilic property of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric. If the oxygen content is higher, the hydrophilic property is better. When the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after hydrophilic processing is used in the electrolyser, a water film is formed on the surface, thereby blocking the gas on two sides of a diaphragm from passing to the other side, further improving the airtightness of the diaphragm and ensuring the safety. If the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is less than 15%, the hydrophilicity of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric as a diaphragm may be poorly improved, the diaphragm may not be sufficiently wet by an electrolyte, the resistance of the diaphragm is large, the electrolysis efficiency is low, and the energy loss is large. Considering the hydrophilicity and processing cost of the diaphragm, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is preferably 20 to 75% by weight, more preferably 20 to 40% by weight.

The content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group is 62 to 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. If the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group is less than 62% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is less than 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber since the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is affected by a lye and a high temperature during use, and the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group in a small content may cause rotation or little shedding of the molecular chain, the hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is poor, and the hydrophilicity and airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric used for a long time gradually decline to affect the production efficiency. If the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group is more than 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is more than 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is good, but the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes in the presence of excessive carbon-oxygen group and sulfur-oxygen group, and the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric becomes fragile and easily broken so that its tensile strength is lowered and, in extreme cases, the fabric is broken. Comprehensively considering the hydrophilicity, tensile strength and other factors of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric to ensure the hydrophilicity of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric during use and no influence on the tensile strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, preferably, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group is 64 to 70% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and more preferably, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 8 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

In the carbon-oxygen group, the carboxyl group accounts for 40 to 60%, the carbonyl group accounts for 0 to 30%, and the aldehyde group accounts for 30 to 40%. The reactions for generating these chemical groups are parallel competing reactions, and the activation energy of each chemical reaction is different, so the quantities of functional groups generated are different.

The hydrophilic group preferably includes a carbon-oxygen group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfur-oxygen group and an amino group, the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is preferably 61 to 80% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is preferably 6 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group is preferably 2 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The hydroxyl group and the amino group are generated by bonding oxygen and hydrogen in air to the benzene ring of the polyphenylene sulfide under the action of ultraviolet irradiation. Since the hydroxyl group and the amino group are basic groups, they are unlikely to shed in the KOH solution. With the use of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric in the KOH alkaline solution, the contents of the hydroxyl group and the amino group are not reduced obviously, so better hydrophilic effect and airtightness can be kept. If the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is too low in the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, it indicates that the ultraviolet irradiation is insufficient, which may affect the hydrophilic timeliness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group in the surface of the fiber is increasingly low with long-time use of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, and the hydrophilicity and the airtightness gradually decline, thereby affecting the production efficiency. If the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is too high in the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, it indicates that the ultraviolet irradiation is excessive, the hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is good, but the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes greatly in the presence of excessive carbon-oxygen group and sulfur-oxygen group, and the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric becomes fragile and easily broken so that its tensile strength is lowered, the fabric is broken in extreme cases, and the pore diameter of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is increased to affect its airtightness. Comprehensively considering the hydrophilicity, airtightness, tensile strength and other factors of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric to ensure the hydrophilicity and airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric during use and no influence on the tensile strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, more preferably, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is 65 to 70% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 9% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

Preferably, the content of the amino group is 2 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. If the content of the amino group is too low in the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, when the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is affected by a lye and a high temperature during use, the hydroxyl group in a small content may partially shed or the molecular chain may rotate, resulting in poor hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric. With long-time use of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, its hydrophilicity and airtightness will gradually decline, thereby affecting production efficiency. If the content of the amino group is too high in the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, it indicates that the ultraviolet irradiation is excessive, the content of the amino group is high, the hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is good, but the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes greatly in the presence of excessive hydrophilic group, and the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric becomes fragile and easily broken so that its tensile strength is lowered, the fabric is broken in extreme cases, and the pore diameter of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is increased to affect its airtightness; and considering the hydrophilicity, airtightness, tensile strength and other factors of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric to ensure the hydrophilicity and airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric during use and no influence on the tensile strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, more preferably, the content of the amino group is 3 to 8% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.

The total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group is preferably 72 to 85% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. If the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group is too low, the hydrophilic timeliness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is poor, and the hydrophilicity and airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric will gradually decline with long-time use, thereby affecting production efficiency. If the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group is too high, the hydrophilic effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is good, but the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes greatly in the presence of excessive carbon-oxygen group and sulfur-oxygen group, and the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric becomes fragile and easily broken so that its tensile strength is lowered, the fabric is broken in extreme cases, and the pore diameter of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is increased to affect its airtightness.

The fineness of the warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 280 to 3000 dtex, and the fineness of the weft is preferably 280 to 3000 dtex. If the fineness of the warp or weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too small, there are many interlacing points in the fabric, and the air permeability is large, resulting in poor airtightness, and also affecting the mechanical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric. If the fineness of the warp or weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too large, the obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is thick, resulting in increase of the resistance of the diaphragm, which increases energy consumption in the hydrogen production process.

The twist factors of the warp and the weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are preferably 250 to 500. If the twist factors of the warp and the weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are too small, the strength of the yarn is low, and the hairiness is more, which affects the weaving. If the twist factors of the warp and the weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are too large, the interlacing point pores in the fabric are obvious, and the airtightness is affected.

The density of the warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 100 to 220 pieces/10 cm, and the density of the weft is preferably 60 to 180 pieces/10 cm. If the density of the warp or weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too small, the covering factor of the fabric is low, and the pores of the fabric are large so that the airtightness of the diaphragm cannot meet the requirements. If the density of the warp or weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too large, the weaving difficulty will be increased, and the gram weight of the fabric will be too large, which will increase the production cost.

The thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 0.50 to 2.00 mm. If the thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too small, the stiffness of the diaphragm is low, which increases the difficulty of mounting the diaphragm. If the thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too large, the resistance of the diaphragm is increased, and the energy consumption in the hydrogen production process is increased so that the production cost is improved. The thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is more preferably 0.50 to 1.50 mm in view of stiffness of the obtained diaphragm, production cost and other factors.

The gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 300 to 1000 g/m². If the gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too small, the stiffness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is low, which increases the difficulty of mounting the diaphragm. If the gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is too large, the cost of the fabric and the resistance of the diaphragm will be increased, and the energy consumption in the hydrogen production process is also increased so that the production cost is improved.

After a durability treatment, the water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 15 s or less. The durability treatment refers to treatment in 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 80 to 120° C. for one month, and the treatment temperature is determined according to the actual use environment of the diaphragm. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 15 s or less, more preferably 10 s or less, thereby ensuring excellent hydrophilicity with long-time use of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric in the water electrolyser. Generally, the water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is more than 300 s after the durability treatment.

The airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser is preferably 500 mm H₂O in view of excellent airtightness, ion passing efficiency and processability of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric.

The water absorption height of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably 160 to 280 mm. The water absorption height is also one of the indicators to determine the water absorption effect of the diaphragm. If the water absorption height is larger, the water absorption effect is better. If the water absorption effect of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is poor, the sulfonation or plasma processing or ultraviolet irradiation is insufficient. The water absorption height is more preferably 200 to 280 mm.

After the durability treatment, the reduction rate of the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is preferably less than 30%. The durability treatment indicates that the reduction rate of the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is within 30% after the treatment for one month in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 80 to 120° C., thereby ensuring excellent hydrophilicity with long-time use of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric in the water electrolyser.

A manufacturing method of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser is as follows: weaving polyphenylene sulfide yarns having a fineness of 280 to 3000 dtex as warps and wefts on a gripper loom or a heavy shaft loom to obtain a gray fabric; scouring the obtained gray fabric at a temperature of 90 to 95° C. and a speed of 20 to 40 m/min, then drying at a temperature of 130 to 150° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonating in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 80 to 130° C. for 6 to 12 min, washing and drying after the sulfonation to finally obtain a finished product; or, irradiating the dried polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric with ultraviolet rays at a temperature of 60 to 90° C. for 10 to 60 hours to finally obtain a finished product; or sulfonating the scoured polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 80 to 130° C. for 6 to 12 min, washing and drying after the sulfonation, and performing plasma processing on the sulfonated polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric under the intensity of 50 to 500 KW·s/m² to finally obtain a finished product.

If the scouring temperature is less than 90° C., stains on the surface of the fabric are unlikely to be removed. If the scouring temperature is more than 95° C., not only more energy is consumed, but also the production cost is increased. If the scouring speed is less than 20 m/min, production efficiency is affected. If the scouring speed is more than 40 m/min, the scouring solution cannot be in full contact with the filter fabric, and stains on the surface of the fabric cannot be completely washed. If the drying temperature is less than 130° C., the scoured filter fabric is unlikely to dry, and drying production efficiency is low. If the drying temperature is more than 150° C., the energy consumption is increased and the production cost is also increased to a certain extent.

The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric obtained is sulfonated, or sulfonated and then subjected to plasma processing. Preferably, the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is sulfonated and then subjected to plasma processing so that all fibers can be treated, and hydrophilic groups are bonded to the surface layer and the inner layer of the fabric. Therefore, the hydrophilic timeliness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric obtained by the above hydrophilic processing method is superior to that of the diaphragm only subjected to plasma processing. Moreover, the sulfonating temperature and time must be controlled within a certain range. If the sulfonating temperature is less than 80° C. and the treatment time is less than 6 min, the sulfonation with the sulfuric acid on the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is insufficient so that the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are reduced, the hydrophilicity of the diaphragm formed by the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is lowered, the water absorption speed of the diaphragm is reduced after the durability treatment and, eventually, the diaphragm cannot be sufficiently wet by the electrolyte. If the sulfonating temperature is more than 130° C. and the treatment time is more than 12 min, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are increased, the hydrophilicity becomes higher, but in the presence of excessive hydrophilic groups, the energy is wasted, the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes, and the benzene ring and the carbon-oxygen bond in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are excessively damaged, thereby affecting the stability of the molecular structure, burning the surface of the fabric and affecting the tensile breaking strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric. The sulfonating temperature is preferably 100 to 130° C. in consideration of the hydrophilicity and tensile breaking strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric.

The above plasma treatment is an atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment or a low pressure plasma surface treatment. Under the action of air, the treatment intensity is 50 to 500 KW·s/m², and the calculation formula of the treatment intensity is as follows:

Treatment intensity=discharge power (KW)/treatment speed (m/s)/treatment width (m).

After sulfonation on the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric, the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is also subjected to plasma processing at a treatment intensity of 50 to 500 KW·s/m². If the plasma treatment intensity is too low, the energy of plasma charged particles is low, the grafting reaction on the surface of the fiber is weak, and the number of the hydrophilic group in the surface of the fiber is reduced, indicating that the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are reduced. If the plasma treatment intensity is too high, the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is burned by current, thereby affecting the tensile breaking strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric.

The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric can also be treated by ultraviolet irradiation so that a hydroxyl group and an amino group of the hydrophilic group can be produced on the surface of the polyphenylene sulfide fiber. The hydroxyl group and the amino group are basic groups and are not affected by the lye during the use of the diaphragm, and the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric obtained by the ultraviolet irradiation treatment method has longer hydrophilic timeliness compared to sulfonation or plasma processing so that production efficiency can be improved. The ultraviolet irradiation temperature is preferably 60 to 90° C., and the time is preferably 10 to 60 hours. If the ultraviolet irradiation temperature is too low and the irradiation time is too short, the ultraviolet treatment on the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is insufficient so that the contents of the carbon-oxygen group, the hydroxyl group, the sulfur-oxygen group and the amino group in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are reduced, the hydrophilicity of the diaphragm formed by the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is lowered, and the diaphragm cannot be sufficiently wet by the electrolyte with the use of the diaphragm. If the ultraviolet irradiation temperature is too high and the irradiation time is too long, the contents of the carbon-oxygen group, the hydroxyl group, the sulfur-oxygen group and the amino group in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are increased, the hydrophilicity becomes higher, but in the presence of excessive hydrophilic groups, the energy is wasted, the molecular structure of the polyphenylene sulfide changes, and the benzene ring and the carbon-oxygen bond in the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric are excessively damaged, thereby affecting the stability of the molecular structure, excessively burning the surface of the fabric, affecting the tensile breaking strength of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric and also increasing the cost.

Our fabrics and methods will be further illustrated through the following examples. However, the scope of protection is not limited to the examples, and the physical properties in the examples are determined by the following methods.

Twist Factor

Twist factor α=t*T ₁̂(½),

wherein, t-twist (T/10 cm), T₁-yarn fineness (tex).

Warp and Weft Densities

According to the JIS L1096 8.6 density method, measure warp and weft densities of the fabric using a densitometer, the measurement range of the densitometer being 1 inch (2.54 cm), the warp density measured being m pieces/2.54 cm, and the weft density being n pieces/2.54 cm; convert the warp density to (m/2.54*10) pieces/10 cm, and convert the weft density to (n/2.54*10) pieces/10 cm, the warp or weft density being an average value of 5 measured values.

Gram Weight

According to the JIS L1096 8.4.2 method, cut three experimental pieces of 100 cm² using a disc sampler in a standard state, weigh each of them in the standard state, solve the gram weight of each experimental piece according to the calculation formula: gram weight=mass/area, and solve an average value.

Thickness

According to the JIS L1096 8.4.3 method, cut three 20 cm×20 cm experimental pieces in a standard state, measure the intermediate thickness of each experimental piece using a thickness meter (model THC-3ND, pressure 240 gf/cm²), and solve an average value.

Airtightness

According to the 4.5.2 airtightness test method of diaphragm asbestos cloth standards of Chinese building material industry standards JCT 211-2009, select 20 cm×20 cm experimental samples, soak the samples into water for 30 minutes, flatly mount each sample on test equipment after the sample is soaked thoroughly to ensure sealing and no water leakage, add water 10 cm away from the surface of the fabric above the sample, observe the water surface to ensure no air leakage within 2 minutes, record the airtightness test value at this moment, and solve an average value, wherein each group includes at least three samples.

Water Absorption Speed

Test according to the 7.1.1 dropping method in the water absorption test method for JIS L1907-2010 fiber products: add a certain amount of deionized water into a burette, fix the burette vertically, tension the tested diaphragm cloth with a tension band, place the diaphragm cloth horizontally under the burette, adjust the position of the burette to ensure that the bottom of the burette is 1 cm away from the surface of the fabric, slowly open a piston of the burette to ensure that a drop of water drops onto the surface of the fabric, record the time when the water drop is completely absorbed by using a stopwatch, test each group of samples at least 5 times and solve an average value.

Water Absorption Height

Test according to the 7.1.2 Byreck method in the water absorption test method for JIS L1907-2010 fiber products: select 30 cm×2.5 cm experimental samples, clip each sample vertically on a test clip, add a certain amount of deionized water into a water injection container below to soak the lower end of the sample into water 2 cm, stand for 10 minutes, mark the highest water absorption point of the sample, take the sample down from the test clip, measure the water absorption height value horizontally, test each group of samples at least 3 times and solve an average value.

Tensile Breaking Strength

According to the JIS L1096 8.12.1A method (base fabric edge-pulling method), for a common fabric, select 30 cm×6 cm experimental samples, and pull the same number of yarns out from two sides to ensure that the remaining breadth of each experimental sample meets a specified breadth: 5 cm. Clamp two ends of each sample with a clamp on a tensile test machine, the distance between chucks being 20 cm; measure the breaking strength when the sample is broken at a constant speed of 20 cm/min, test each group of samples at least 3 times and solve an average value.

Hydrophilic Group Components and Oxygen Elements thereof

Analyze chemical components on the surface of the fiber qualitatively and quantitatively using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer (product of Germany Thermo Company; model: ESCALAB 250Xi). Calculate the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Determine hydrophilic group components according to the binding energy of each carbon-oxygen peak which can be clearly recognized in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Test three points for each group of samples, each point corresponding to an oxygen content; and solve an average value of test values of the three points.

Contents of Carbon-Oxygen Group, Sulfur-Oxygen Group, Hydroxyl Group and Amino Group

Analyze chemical components on the surface of the fiber qualitatively and quantitatively using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer (product of Germany Thermo Company; model: ESCALAB 250Xi). Separate peaks according to the oxygen content calculated from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, determine a carbon-oxygen group, a sulfur-oxygen group and a hydroxyl group based on the corresponding peaks, and calculate the corresponding content; separate peaks according to the nitrogen content calculated from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, determine an amino group based on the corresponding peak, and calculate the content thereof.

Reduction Rate of Oxygen Content

Analyze chemical components on the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric before treatment qualitatively and quantitatively using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer (product of Germany Thermo Company; model: ESCALAB 250Xi), and calculate the oxygen content M of the surface of the fiber according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, perform durability treatment on the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 80 to 120° C. for 1 month, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical components on the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after the durability treatment, calculate the oxygen content N of the surface of the fiber according to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and calculate the reduction rate of the oxygen content through the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber before and after the durability treatment. The calculation formula is as follows:

Reduction rate (%) of oxygen content=(N−M)/M*100%.

EXAMPLE 1

Twist six polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1800 dtex and a twist factor of 320. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 154 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 106 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 90° C. and a speed of 30 m/min, then dry at 130° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 80° C. for 12 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation, and perform plasma processing at an intensity of 50 KW·s/m² to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.90 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 26% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 64% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 40% of carboxyl group, 30% of carbonyl group and 30% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. was 8 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 2

Twist four polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1200 dtex and a twist factor of 435. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 177 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 122 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 90° C. for 10 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation, and perform plasma processing at an intensity of 100 KW·s/m² to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.77 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 33% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 64% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 42% of carboxyl group, 28% of carbonyl group and 30% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 8% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 100° C. was 9 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 3

Twist eight polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 4000 dtex and a twist factor of 300. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 110 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 70 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 92° C. and a speed of 25 m/min, then dry at 135° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 100° C. for 9 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation, and perform plasma processing at an intensity of 200 KW·s/m² to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.50 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 40% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 68% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 48% of carboxyl group, 20% of carbonyl group and 32% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 9% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 110° C. was 6 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 4

Weave polyphenylene sulfide yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 220 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 180 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 93° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 85° C. for 30 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.60 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 35% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 62% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 69% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 44% of carboxyl group, 20% of carbonyl group and 36% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 8% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 5 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 5

Twist five polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 2500 dtex and a twist factor of 316. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 120 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 90 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 40 m/min, then dry at 145° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 90° C. for 20 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.20 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 32% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 65% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 74% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 48% of carboxyl group, 16% of carbonyl group and 36% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 8% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 8 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 6

Twist ten polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 5000 dtex and a twist factor of 268. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 100 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 60 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 40 m/min, then dry at 150° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 90° C. for 10 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 2.00 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 27% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 70% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 78% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 40% of carboxyl group, 25% of carbonyl group and 35% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 4% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 9 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 7

Weave polyphenylene sulfide yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 220 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 180 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 93° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 85° C. for 20 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.60 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 33% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 63% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 71% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 46% of carboxyl group, 20% of carbonyl group and 34% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 7% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 5% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 6 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 8

Twist ten polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 5000 dtex and a twist factor of 268. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 100 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 60 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 40 m/min, then dry at 150° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 60° C. for 10 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 2.00 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 20% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 66% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 70% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 40% of carboxyl group, 22% of carbonyl group and 38% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 4% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 13 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 9

Twist four polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1200 dtex and a twist factor of 435. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 177 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 122 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 85° C. for 50 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.77 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 41% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 68% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 75% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 45% of carboxyl group, 18% of carbonyl group and 37% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 12% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 10 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 10

Weave polyphenylene sulfide yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 220 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 180 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 93° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 85° C. for 20 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.60 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 46% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 82% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 46% of carboxyl group, 20% of carbonyl group and 34% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 6% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 3% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 15 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 11

Twist six polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1800 dtex and a twist factor of 320. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 154 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 106 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 90° C. and a speed of 30 m/min, then dry at 130° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 130° C. for 12 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation, and perform plasma processing at an intensity of 50 KW·s/m² to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.90 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 55% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 72% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 50% of carboxyl group, 15% of carbonyl group and 35% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 110° C. was 10 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 12

Weave polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 220 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 180 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 93° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 120° C. for 10 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.60 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 40% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 62% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 50% of carboxyl group, 15% of carbonyl group and 35% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 8% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 110° C. was 7 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 13

Twist six polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 3000 dtex and a twist factor of 320. Weave the yarns on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 120 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 90 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 126° C. for 12 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.30 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 30% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 66% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 48% of carboxyl group, 17% of carbonyl group and 35% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 110° C. was 6 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 14

Twist six polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 500 dtex and a twist factor of 350 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 3000 dtex and a twist factor of 320. Weave the yarns on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 120 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 90 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 95° C. and a speed of 20 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 110° C. for 11 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.30 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 35% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 71% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 55% of carboxyl group, 7% of carbonyl group and 38% of aldehyde group, and the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 12% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 110° C. was 8 s. The physical properties of a polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 1.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

Twist four polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1200 dtex and a twist factor of 435. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 165 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 94 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 91° C. and a speed of 30 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform plasma processing at an intensity of 60 KW·s/m² to obtain a water electrolyser diaphragm having a thickness of 0.75 mm. The obtained diaphragm was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the oxygen content of the surface of the diaphragm was 25% by weight, wherein the content of the carbon-oxygen group was 55% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 60% of carboxyl group, 10% of carbonyl group and 30% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 5% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group was 60% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the diaphragm after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. was more than 300 s. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

Twist seven polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 2800 dtex and a twist factor of 300. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 105 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 80 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 94° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 70° C. for 4 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.30 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 12% by weight, wherein the content of the carbon-oxygen group was 46% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 50% of carboxyl group, 10% of carbonyl group and 40% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 4% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group was 50% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 100° C. was more than 300 s. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3

Twist four polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1200 dtex and a twist factor of 435. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 165 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 94 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 94° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, sulfonate in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature of 160° C. for 20 min, wash and dry after the sulfonation to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.70 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 60% by weight, wherein the content of the carbon-oxygen group was 74% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 60% of carboxyl group, 10% of carbonyl group and 30% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 16% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group was 90% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric after being treated in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 100° C. was 12 s. Since the treatment time of the woven fabric in the concentrated sulfuric acid was too long, the strength of the fabric was reduced. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4

Twist seven polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 400 dtex and a twist factor of 475 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 2800 dtex and a twist factor of 300. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 105 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 80 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 94° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 50° C. for 5 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 1.30 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 12% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 48% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 50% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 40% of carboxyl group, 25% of carbonyl group and 35% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 1% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 1% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was more than 300 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 2.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5

Twist four polyphenylene sulfide single yarns having a fineness of 300 dtex and a twist factor of 310 to form a polyphenylene sulfide yarn having a fineness of 1200 dtex and a twist factor of 435. Weave the twisted polyphenylene sulfide yarns as warps and wefts on a gripper loom to obtain a plain woven fabric having a warp density of 165 pieces/10 cm and a weft density of 94 pieces/10 cm, scour the obtained plain woven fabric at a temperature of 94° C. and a speed of 35 m/min, then dry at 140° C. with a cylinder dryer, and perform ultraviolet irradiation at a temperature of 100° C. for 70 h to finally obtain a polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric having a thickness of 0.70 mm for a water electrolyser. The obtained polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric was tested through an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer, and we determined that the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contained a hydrophilic group, the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber was 35% by weight, the content of the carbon-oxygen group in the hydrophilic group was 53% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxy group was 58% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the carbon-oxygen group included 35% of carboxyl group, 35% of carbonyl group and 30% of aldehyde group, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group was 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group was 12% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber. The water absorption speed was 10 s after a treatment in a 30% KOH solution at a temperature of 90° C. Since the irradiation temperature of the woven fabric was too high and the irradiation time was too long, the strength of the fabric was reduced. The physical properties of the polyphenylene sulfide diaphragm for a water electrolyser are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fineness Warp 1800 1200 4000 400 2500 5000 400 (dtex) Weft 1800 1200 4000 400 2500 5000 400 Twist factor 320 435 300 475 316 268 475 Density Warp 154 177 110 220 120 100 220 (pieces/10 cm) Weft 106 122 70 180 90 60 180 Thickness (mm) 0.90 0.77 1.50 0.60 1.20 2.00 0.60 Gram weight (g/m²) 556 426 800 360 620 960 360 Oxygen content (% 26 33 40 35 32 27 33 by weight) Content of carbon-oxygen 64 64 68 62 65 70 63 group (%) Content of hydroxyl — — — 7 9 8 8 group (%) Content of carbon-oxygen — — — 69 74 78 71 group + hydroxyl group (%) (%) Content of sulfur-oxygen 10 8 9 10 8 6 7 group (%) Content of amino group (%) — — — 8 6 4 5 Tensile breaking Warp 3915 2984 3500 1950 3552 5582 2150 strength (n/5 cm) Weft 3218 2188 3045 1350 3018 5422 1290 Airtightness (mm H₂O) 700 600 680 747 650 600 700 Water absorption speed 8 9 6 5 8 9 6 after durability treatment (s) Reduction rate of oxygen 20 25 22 18 15 12 20 content after durability treatment (%) Water absorption speed (mm) 225 210 226 275 270 258 265 Example Example Example Example Example Example Example Item 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Fineness Warp 5000 1200 400 1800 400 3000 3000 (dtex) Weft 5000 1200 400 1800 400 3000 3000 Twist factor 268 435 475 320 475 320 320 Density Warp 100 177 220 154 220 120 120 (pieces/10 cm) Weft 60 122 180 106 180 90 90 Thickness (mm) 2.00 0.77 0.60 0.90 0.60 1.30 1.30 Gram weight (g/m²) 960 426 360 556 360 650 650 Oxygen content (% 20 41 46 55 40 30 35 by weight) Content of carbon-oxygen 66 68 72 72 62 66 71 group (%) Content of hydroxyl 4 7 10 — — — — group (%) Content of carbon-oxygen 70 75 82 — — — — group + hydroxyl group (%) (%) Content of sulfur-oxygen 6 6 6 15 8 10 12 group (%) Content of amino group (%) 4 12 3 — — — Tensile breaking Warp 5700 2750 1870 3520 2200 3650 3320 strength (n/5 cm) Weft 5680 1920 1290 2960 1632 3210 2800 Airtightness (mm H₂O) 550 580 620 630 545 660 650 Water absorption speed 13 10 15 10 7 6 8 after durability treatment (s) Reduction rate of oxygen 27 16 25 22 28 24 29 content after durability treatment (%) Water absorption speed (mm) 200 278 265 210 180 200 165

TABLE 2 Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Comparative Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Fineness Warp 1200 2800 1200 2800 1200 (dtex) Weft 1200 2800 1200 2800 1200 Twist factor 435 300 435 300 435 Density Warp 165 105 165 105 165 (pieces/10 cm) Weft 94 80 94 80 94 Thickness (mm) 0.75 1.30 0.70 1.30 0.70 Gram weight (g/m²) 380 600 350 600 350 Oxygen content (% by weight) 25 12 60 12 35 Content of carbon-oxygen group (%) 55 46 74 48 53 Content of hydroxyl group (%) — — — 2 5 Content of carbon-oxygen group + — — — 50 58 hydroxyl group (%) Content of sulfur-oxygen group (%) 5 4 16 1 15 Content of amino group (%) — — — 1 12 Tensile breaking strength Warp 2100 3400 1200 3400 950 (N/5 cm) Weft 1980 3125 998 3125 778 Airtightness (mm H₂O) 300 340 400 340 300 Water absorption speed after >300 >300 12 >300 10 durability treatment (s) Reduction rate of oxygen content 50 32 30 43 20 after durability treatment (%) Water absorption height (mm) 98 102 170 110 272 

1-14. (canceled)
 15. A polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric for a water electrolyser, wherein a surface of a fiber constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric contains a hydrophilic group, oxygen content of the surface of the fiber is 15% by weight or more, the hydrophilic group comprises a carbon-oxygen group and a sulfur-oxygen group, the carbon-oxygen group is at least one of a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group and an aldehyde group, content of the carbon-oxygen group is 62 to 72% of a total number of groups in the surface of the fiber, and content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 15% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.
 16. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein the hydrophilic group comprises a carbon-oxygen group, a hydroxyl group, a sulfur-oxygen group and an amino group, the total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the hydroxyl group is 61 to 80% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, the content of the sulfur-oxygen group is 6 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber, and the content of the amino group is 2 to 10% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.
 17. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein a total content of the carbon-oxygen group and the sulfur-oxygen group is 72 to 85% of the total number of the groups in the surface of the fiber.
 18. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein fineness of a warp or weft constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 280 to 3000 dtex.
 19. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein density of a warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 100 to 220 pieces/10 cm, and density of a weft is 60 to 180 pieces/10 cm.
 20. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 0.50 to 2.00 mm.
 21. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 300 to 1000 g/m^(2.)
 22. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein after a durability treatment, the water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 15 s or less.
 23. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 500 mm H₂O or more.
 24. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein the water absorption height of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 160 to 280 mm.
 25. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, wherein, after a durability treatment, a reduction rate of the oxygen content of the surface of the fiber of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 30% or less.
 26. A method of manufacturing the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 15, comprising: weaving polyphenylene sulfide yarns having a fineness of 280 to 5000 dtex as warps and wefts on a gripper loom or a heavy shaft loom to obtain a gray fabric; scouring the obtained gray fabric at a temperature of 90 to 95° C. and a speed of 20 to 40 m/min, drying at a temperature of 130 to 150° C. with a cylinder dryer, and performing sulfonation in 95% concentrated sulfuric acid, or performing sulfonation, plasma treatment or ultraviolet irradiation, the sulfonation temperature being 80 to 130° C. and the sulfonation time being 6 to 12 min; and washing and drying after the sulfonation to finally obtain a finished product.
 27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the dried polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is irradiated under ultraviolet rays at a temperature of 60 to 90° C. for 10 to 60 hours.
 28. The method according to claim 26, wherein after the dried polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is sulfonated, plasma processing is performed at an intensity of 50-500 KW·s/m^(2.)
 29. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 18, wherein density of a warp constituting the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 100 to 220 pieces/10 cm, and density of a weft is 60 to 180 pieces/10 cm.
 30. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 18, wherein thickness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 0.50 to 2.00 mm.
 31. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 18, wherein gram weight of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 300 to 1000 g/m².
 32. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 16, wherein after a durability treatment, the water absorption speed of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 15 s or less.
 33. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 16, wherein airtightness of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 500 mm H₂O or more.
 34. The polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric according to claim 16, wherein the water absorption height of the polyphenylene sulfide woven fabric is 160 to 280 mm. 